Robinson's Geographical Parameters of Tourism

Tourism is a major enterprise and also has the potential to play a major role in the economy of any nation. Tourism helps in the development of the nation and the inhabitants of the nation in various ways. Therefore, every nation focuses on tourism development, so that not only the development of the nation is on pace, but also the residents of the place can be ensured to get new opportunities for employment, etc.

Various scholars have explained the geographical elements of tourism, which are helpful in the development of tourism, a scholar named Robinson has also explained the geographical elements of tourism, which are described below

1. Accessibility and location

2. Location

3. Attractive view: (A) - Topography: Mountains, Hills, Candles, Bhrigu, Volcanoes etc. (B) - Water rivers, lakes, falls, geysers, glaciers, seas etc. (C) - Vegetation: forest, grassland, desert etc.

4. Climate: Sun and clouds, thermal conditions, rain, snow etc.

5. Animal Life: (A) - Wildlife: Birds, Wildlife Bihar, Zoo (B) - Hunting and Fishing

6. Habitat elements: (A) - City Town and Village. (B) - Historical ruins and monuments (C) - Archaeological remains.

7. Culture: Ways of life, traditions, folklife, arts and crafts etc.

H. Robinson described the above components or elements, which affect tourism in each state, in his book, "A Geography of Tourism". Tourism is affected by all the above geographical factors, but the effect of all these varies according to country-time-situation. Each geographical element has different effects at different places. Generally, the physical elements in all these elements affect tourism more. The role of human elements is secondary. But some examples are exceptions to this.

The following is a detailed description of the geographical parameters of tourism set by Robinson

1. Accessibility and location - The location of each center as well as accessibility are helpful in the development of tourism. By these two components, tourists are sure to be attracted to the center. Every tourist takes full care of their security and facilities in the selection of a tourist center. A tourist takes a careful decision in the selection of tourist centers according to their accessibility.

The multilateral importance of the tourist center as well as the accessibility of that tourist center is very important. The development of tourism is not possible in the center of which the location is not favorable from the point of view of transport, that is, for some particular reason there may be some special tourist movement, but the number of tourists is not possible to increase.

2. Location - Each tourist center has its own area of influence, on the basis of which the arrival of tourists there as well as their duration of residence is ensured. The comprehensive and important place and center that a tourist center has, definitely affects its tourist holding capacity, tourist attraction potential, etc.

3. Attractive view - (A) Topography - If any element or component has affected the tourists the most from the beginning to the present, then it is definitely natural beauty. Various landforms such as mountains, hills, ponds, landforms formed by volcanic processes, etc. have affected the tourists the most. These places not only provide a new environment for tourists but are also centers of entertainment, fun, romance, health promotion. Many tourist places in the world are related to it like Switzerland, Swatghati, Kashmir, Ooty etc.

(B) Water - Various water sports like rivers, lakes, falls, glaciers, seas, etc. have their own role in attracting water-tourists. Tourists come here not only to experience shaken and fun but also to get romance through water sports etc.

(C) Vegetation - Tourists get pleasure by observing the vegetation-botanical variations which are inter-related with forests, grasslands, deserts, etc. For the purpose of this joy, shaken, adventure, etc., the tourist is attracted to the areas related to the botanical scenes. Equatorial evergreen forests, Konadhara forests, prairies, savannas, grasslands, desert vegetation variations, Bugyal and Pyar etc. of India attract tourists.

4. Climate - Generally, the environment in which man lives, he likes the adverse environment i.e. climatic conditions. For example, people residing in areas with extreme temperatures choose places with a cold climate for tourism. Individuals related to dry climate choose the humid climate for tourism, etc.

5. Zoology - Wildlife and its specialties not only helped in maintaining the existence of human life but also played an unprecedented role in tourism development. National Parks, Botanical Parks, Vysoki Reserve, Zoo, Birds Bihar, Wildlife Bihar etc. are the focal point of tourist attraction. Each nation establishes multi-level wildlife centers with the aim of protecting wildlife and developing tourist centers.

6. Habitat element - Human history is indicative of the gradual development of man. In the past, many buildings, buildings, inscriptions etc. have been constructed as a result of human efforts, which are indicative of the glorious history of humans and currently the center of tourist attraction. Such as Egyptian pyramids, Brazilian palaces, Chinese walls, Mughal carpet forts and buildings in India, mausoleums, Rajasthan forts and palaces etc.

7. Culture - Each human community has its own traditions, folk-life and related arts and crafts, etc. which are indicative of its culture. These specialties are the focal point of tourist attraction. The Kumbh Mela at Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and Nashik in India, Pushkar fair in Rajasthan, a traditional dance of Rajasthan, lifestyle of local tribes, activities related to various traditional beliefs etc. attract tourists.

Source : Rajeev Bansal's (SEPD)